2. Mód, eszköz, ok A1C2 (159) – altémák

1. Mód, eszköz (50) 2. Ok, cél, indok (67) 3. Hatás, következmény (42)

serve verb /sɜːv/ 3 szolgál vmilyen célra [I]

It's a very entertaining film but it also serves an educational purpose.

The spare bedroom also serves as a study.

He hopes his son's death will serve to warn others about the dangers of owning a gun.

Nothing serves to explain the violent fighting we have seen recently.

target verb /ˈtɑː.gɪt/ [T] céloz, megcéloz (átv. is) (piacot, közönséget, stb.)

The products are targeted at people in their late twenties.

cause noun /kɔːz/ 1 ok (egy esemény oka) [C]

The police are still trying to establish the cause of the fire.

She had died of natural causes.

cause noun /kɔːz/ 3 ok, indok (vmire) [U]

He's never given me any cause for concern.

grounds noun /graʊndz/ [plural] 1 ok, indok

He resigned on medical grounds.

justification noun /ˌdʒʌs.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ [C or U] indok

There's no justification for treating her so unfairly.

motivation noun /ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/ 2 motiváció, indíték [C]

What was the motivation for the attack?

motive noun /ˈməʊ.tɪv/ [C] indíték, indítóok, cél

The police don't yet know the motive for the killing.

What was the motive behind the bombing?

point noun /pɔɪnt/ 5 értelem, cél, az értelme/célja vminek [no plural]

I'd try to explain to her how I feel but there's no point because she won't listen.

There's no point in inviting her - she never comes to parties.

What's the point of studying if you can't get a job afterwards?

purpose noun /ˈpɜː.pəs/ 1 cél, rendeltetés (tevékenységé, dologé) [C]

The main purpose of the meeting is to discuss the future of the company.

The drug may be legalized for medical purposes.

a multi-purpose kitchen knife

reason noun /ˈriː.zən/ 1 ok, oka vminek [C]

I knew Sam was going - that was the reason I went there.

That was the reason for telling her.

Is there any particular reason why he doesn't want to come?

The reason that I'm calling is to ask you a favour.

He left without giving a reason.

For some reason, he's decided to leave his job.

target noun /ˈtɑː.gɪt/ [C] 3 célpont (átv.) (kritikáé, szemrehányásé, stb.) [usually no plural]

Recently she has been the target of a series of obscene phone calls.

dedicated adjective /ˈded.ɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ 2 egy adott célra készült/szolgáló/használt

a dedicated news channel

especially adverb /ɪˈspeʃ.əl.i/ 2 kifejezetten (egy személynek/célból/okból, stb.)

I cooked this meal especially for you.

I chose this especially for your new house.

hence adverb /hens/ ebből eredően, ezért

He's got an interview today, hence the suit.

Drivers have been shown to adapt their behaviour according to perceived risk. Hence, if they are wearing seat belts, they tend to take more risks with their driving.

somehow adverb /ˈsʌm.haʊ/ 2 valahogy, valahogyan (nem világos ok miatt)

I know what we're doing is legal, but somehow it doesn't feel right.

specially adverb /ˈspeʃ.əl.i/ also: especially külön, kifejezetten (egy adott céllal/szándékkal); különösen, különösképpen

I came here specially to see you.

She has a wheelchair that was specially made for her.

The opera 'Aida' was specially written for the opening of the Cairo opera house in 1871.

why adverb /waɪ/ 1 miért?

"I'm going home." "Why?"

Why did you choose to live in London?

Why wait? Let's leave now.

why adverb /waɪ/ 2 miért; (az) amiért (utalás okra)

I don't know why she isn't here.

Quite why he isn't here today is a mystery.

There is no reason why we shouldn't succeed.

after preposition /ˈɑːf.tər/ 5 miután, mivel hogy (az említett ok miatt/oknál fogva)

I'll never trust her again after what she did to me.

at preposition /æt/ 5 -on, -en, -ön, (valamiért, valami miatt) (érez vhogy)

We were surprised at the news.

I was quite excited at the prospect.

Why does no one ever laugh at my jokes?

because of preposition /bɪˈkɒz.əv/ miatt

The train was delayed because of bad weather.

behind preposition /bəˈhaɪnd/ 4 vmi van/rejlik vmi mögött (ok, magyarázat, stb.)

What was the reason behind her decision to leave?

for preposition /fɔːr/ 3 -ra, -re (vmilyen célra)

There's a sign there saying 'boats for hire'.

Which vitamins should you take for skin problems?

for preposition /fɔːr/ 4 -ért (vmi megszerzése/elérése végett)

I hate waiting for public transport.

I had to run for the bus.

Did you send off for details of the competition?

I've applied for a job with another computer company.

for preposition /fɔːr/ 8 -ért, miatt (ok/következmény)

He got fined for travelling without a ticket.

The things you do for love!

Scotland is famous for its beautiful countryside.

He's best remembered for his novels.

from preposition /frɒm/ 7 -tól, -től, miatt

He was rushed to hospital but died from his injuries.

You could tell she wasn't lying from the fear in her voice.

in preposition /ɪn/ 11 -va, -ve, -val, -vel, vmi folyományaként

In refusing to work abroad, she missed an excellent job opportunity.

The government banned tobacco advertising and, in doing so, contributed greatly to the nation's health.

of preposition /ɒv/ 9 -ban, -ben (ok kifejezése)

He died of cancer.

out of preposition /ˈaʊt.əv/ 6 -ből, -ből (vmi ok miatt)

I took the job out of necessity because we had no money left.

Just out of interest, how much did it cost you?

I only went there out of curiosity.

owing to preposition /ˈəʊ.ɪŋˌtuː/ vmi miatt, következtében

The concert has been cancelled owing to low ticket sales.

with preposition /wɪð/ 6 -tól, -től (vmi miatt)

I was shaking with fear.

I can't work with all that noise going on.

as conjunction /æz/ 1 mivel, mert, minthogy (ok megadása)

As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.

You can go first as you're the oldest.

because conjunction /bɪˈkɒz/ mert

We can't go to Julia's party because we're going away that weekend.

"Why did you do it?" "Because Carlos told me to".

Just because I'm lending you my dress for tonight doesn't mean you can borrow it whenever you want to.

since conjunction /sɪnts/ 2 mivel (ok, indok megadása)

Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of coffee.

so conjunction /səʊ/ 1 így, tehát, ezért (vmi ok miatt)

I was tired so I went to bed.

Greg had some money so he bought a bike.

My knee started hurting so I stopped running.

I was lost so I bought a street map.

to infinitive marker /tuː/ 2 -ni (ok, rendeltetés kifejezése)

I'm going there to see my sister.

This tool is used to make holes in leather.

Phrases and idioms:

be aimed at sb célba vesz vkit (szán vmit vkinek)

These advertisements are specifically aimed at young people.

be designed for/to do sth vmilyen célra tervezték

This dictionary is designed for advanced learners of English.

These measures are designed to reduce pollution.

be in sb's interest(s) érdekében áll vkinek

It may not be in your interests to change jobs so soon.

be intended for szán vmire/vkinek vmit

The book is intended for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet.

The course is intended for intermediate-level students.

be meant for sb/sth szánják vminek/vkinek

These toys are really meant for babies.

be meant to do sth rendeltetése vminek, való vmire (pl. egy eszköznek)

The belt is meant to hold you in.

by the same token ugyanezen az alapon, ugyanilyen okból/módon

You have to let people know your plans in good time and, by the same token, they should give you some advance warning.

by virtue of sth vmi alapján/révén (vmi által/miatt) (formal)

She succeeded by virtue of hard work rather than talent.

by way of sth valamiként, vmi gyanánt, vmiképpen (céljából/eszközeként/formájaként)

He sent me some flowers by way of apology.

She rolled her eyes by way of an answer and left.

He received £500 by way of compensation from the company.

direct sth against/at/towards, etc. sb/sth irányul vmi ellen/vmire/vmi felé/stb. vki/vmi

The demonstrators' anger was directed at the police.

for sb's benefit kedvéért vkinek, hasznára/javára vkinek

We bought the piano for the children's benefit.

for the sake of sb/sth; for sb's/sth's sake a kedvéért vkinek/vminek, vki/vmi miatt (érdekében/javára)

Please do it, for David's sake.

Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children.

I hope for both our sakes that you're right!

You should act on his advice, for your own sake.

For the sake of convenience, they combined the two departments.

For safety's sake, you shouldn't swim alone.

how come hogyhogy, hogy lehet az hogy (informal)

How come you didn't go to the party?

in favour of sb/sth a kedvéért vminek/vkinek (előnyben részesítve vmit/vkit)

They dropped him from the team in favour of a much younger player.

in order (for sb/sth) to do sth azért (, hogy ...), abból a célból (, hogy ...)

He came home early in order to see the children before they went to bed.

She worked all summer in order to save enough money.

in the interest(s) of sth vmi érdekében

In the interest of safety, passengers are advised to wear their seat belts at all times.

in the name of sth vki/vmi nevében (vkire/vmire hivatkozva)

So much blood has been spilt in the name of religion.

in view of sth tekintettel vmire (vmi miatt/következtében) (formal)

In view of recent events, we have decided to cancel the meeting.

on account of sth vmi miatt

He doesn't eat any dairy products on account of the diet he is following.

on the basis of sth vmi alapján, valamiért

Marks are awarded on the basis of progress and performance.

on the grounds of/that vmilyen okból/okokból/alapon

You cannot discriminate on the grounds of religion.

I refused on the grounds that it was too risky.

serve a/the purpose vmilyen célt szolgál

These small village shops serve a very useful purpose.

so as not to do sth azért hogy ne ...

He went in very quietly so as not to wake the baby.

so as to azért hogy ..., azzal a szándékkal (, hogy)

I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to keep insects off it.

so (that) azért hogy ...

He put his glasses on so that he could see the television better.

I deliberately didn't have lunch so (that) I would be hungry tonight.

Leave the keys out so (that) I remember to take them with me.

the object of sth célja/tárgya vminek

The object of the game is to score more points than the opposing team.

The object of the exercise is to complete the task within the time limit.

the root of sth gyökere vminek, alapvető oka vminek

We must get to the root of this problem.

Money is said to be the root of all evil.

What ...for? milyen célra? minek?

What are these tools for?

What are you doing that for?

"We need a bigger car." "What for?"

what with mivel ..., mivelhogy ..., ... miatt (a helyzethez vezető okok felsorolása) (informal)

I'm tired, what with travelling all day yesterday and sleeping badly.

with a view to doing sth azzal a céllal (, hogy ...) (formal)

He's doing some improvements on the house with a view to selling it.

Kommunikációs szándékok: Kiegészítendő kérdések (wh-questions) – Kiegészítendő kérdések megválaszolása

6. lecke (A1) – 16. lecke (A2) – 35. lecke (B1) – 62. lecke (B2) – 88. lecke (C1) – 107. lecke (C2)