3.7. A bizonyosság fokainak kifejezése

1. Bizonyosság, magabiztos állítás/kijelentés

in declarative sentences with certainly, definitely, undoubtedly, beyond any doubt

She is certainly over thirty.

I definitely need a holiday.

That is undoubtedly true.

You've proved it beyond any doubt.

I am (quite/absolutely) certain/sure/convinced (+ complement clause)

I am sure.

I am sure we can reach an agreement.

I am convinced of her innocence.

declarative sentences with stressed do, be or auxiliary

I most certainly did post the letter.

declarative sentences (+ tag) with low falling intonation

They are responsible.

I know (+ complement/wh-clause)

I know I can trust her in any circumstance.

I know which friends I can turn to.

I know who he is.

2. Bizonytalan kijelentés

sth seems/appears/looks (to be) adj/sth

She seems to be happy.

The translation appears to be correct.

That book looks interesting.

It seems/appears (to me) + complement clause

It seems to me that he was right.

It seems to me you don't have much choice.

It appears there has been a mistake.

It looks as if/as though + statement

It looks as if he's coming.

It looks as though they're not going.

It looks as though everyone else has gone home.

perhaps/maybe (also in declarative sentences)

Maybe you're right.

Perhaps he's forgotten.

Perhaps we should invite them to dinner.

I (don't) think/believe so/+ complement clause

Does he still work there? - I believe so.

Is he coming? - I don't think so.

I don't think he's ever been here.

I believe it was last May.

I'm not (quite/altogether) sure (but + tentative assertion)

I'm not quite sure, but I believe he's already gone.

declarative sentence + , I think. (with low rising intonation)

Mary is in the garden, I think.

She is a little strange, I think.

I could be wrong, but + tentative statement

I could be wrong, but it looks as though they've won.

3. Bizonytalanság kifejezése

I don't know (+ if-clause/wh-clause)

I don't know if he will come.

I don't know if I like the colour.

I don't know whether to call him.

I don't know when he's arriving.

I'm not (at all) sure (+ if-clause/wh-clause/complement clause)

I'm not sure if this is right.

I'm not at all sure what he wants.

I'm not sure that's a good idea.

I wonder (+ if-clause/wh-clause)

I wonder if I'll recognize her after all these years.

I'm (very much) in two minds.

4. Kétség, hitetlenkedés kifejezése

I don't/can't believe it/+ complement clause

I can't believe she's only thirty.

I (rather) doubt it/+ if-clause

I doubt it.

I rather doubt if he'll come.

I doubt if anyone will remember me.

Do you really think so/+ complement clause?

Do you really think she's doing this for your benefit?

Do you really think they'll agree?

5. Zavarodottság, zavar kifejezése

I'm puzzled.

I'm (completely) baffled.

This is beyond me.

What does/can this mean?

Don't ask me.

6. Rákérdezés bizonyosságra

Are you sure (+ complement clause)

Are you sure you locked the gate?

Are you sure this is the quickest way?

Kapcsolódó szókincs: Bizonyosság – Kétség, zavar, bizonytalanság