2. Kormányzat, politika A1C2 (174) – altémák

1. Politika, választások (41) 2. Kormányzat, diplomácia (58) 3. Tüntetés, tiltakozás (23) 4. Hatóság, igazgatás (52)

abolish verb /əˈbɒl.ɪʃ/ [T] eltöröl, megszűntet (törvényt, rendszert, stb.)

This tax should be abolished.

National Service was abolished in Britain in 1962.

approve verb /əˈpruːv/ 1 jóváhagy (pl. határozatot, tervet) [T]

The council has approved plans for a new shopping centre.

The court approved the sale of the property.

authorize verb /ˈɔː.θər.aɪz/ [T] also UK: authorise felhatalmaz vmire

His manager had authorized the expenditure.

declare verb /dɪˈkleər/ [T] 1 (vám/adó ügyben) nyilatkozik, bevall

Have you got anything to declare?

entitle verb /ɪnˈtaɪ.tl̩/ [T often passive] 1 feljogosít vmire

I'm entitled to apply for citizenship.

Being unemployed entitles you to free medical treatment.

expire verb /ɪkˈspaɪər/ [I] lejár (az érvényessége vminek) (útlevélé, szerződésé, stb.)

Your contract expired six months ago.

grant verb /grɑːnt/ (hivatalosan) megad [T] (formal)

He was granted a licence to mine in the area.

impose verb /ɪmˈpəʊz/ [T] 1 bevezet vmit, kivet vmit vkire/vmire (adót, büntetést, rendeletet, stb.)

Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.

Judges are imposing increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences.

The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks.

notify verb /ˈnəʊ.tɪ.faɪ/ [T] (formal) (hivatalosan) értesít vkit, közöl vkivel

You should notify the police if you are involved in a road accident.

The court notified her that her trial date had been postponed.

qualify verb /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ/ 2 jogosultságot szerez vmire; feljogosít vkit vmire [I or T]

To qualify for the competition you need to be over 18.

If you live in the area, you qualify for a parking permit.

regulate verb /ˈreg.jə.leɪt/ [T] 1 szabályoz (szabályok előírásával) (tevékenységet, eljárást)

laws regulating advertising

renew verb /rɪˈnjuː/ [T] megújít, meghosszabbít (igazolványt, bérletet, tagságot, stb.)

I've decided not to renew my membership of the tennis club this year.

I forgot to renew my season ticket.

report verb /rɪˈpɔːt/ 2 jelent, bejelent (hatóságnak/illetékesnek) [T]

He should have reported the accident immediately.

Have you reported the fault to a technician?

review verb /rɪˈvjuː/ [T] 2 felülvizsgál (ügyet, döntést, stb.)

The courts will review her case.

The committee is reviewing the current arrangement.

tax verb /tæks/ [T] megadóztat

Husbands and wives may be taxed independently/together.

approval noun /əˈpruː.vəl/ [U] 2 (hivatalos) jóváhagyás, beleegyezés

The project has now received approval from the government.

The teacher gave the student a nod of approval.

authority noun /ɔːˈθɒr.ə.ti/ 1 hatáskör; felhatalmazás; tekintély [U]

The United Nations has used its authority to restore peace in the area.

We need to get the support of someone in authority.

They have the authority to examine the company's records.

The problem is that teachers feel they no longer have authority over their pupils.

authority noun /ɔːˈθɒr.ə.ti/ 2 hatóság [C]

the local housing authority

bureaucracy noun /bjʊəˈrɒk.rə.si/ 1 bürokrácia (bonyolult/felesleges szabályok/eljárások) [U]

government bureaucracy

bureaucracy noun /bjʊəˈrɒk.rə.si/ 2 közigazgatás [C or U]

The country has a powerful bureaucracy.

capacity noun /kəˈpæs.ə.ti/ 3 pozíció, állás (vmilyen hivatalos minősége vkinek) [C]

He attended over 100 events last year in his capacity as mayor.

code noun /kəʊd/ 2 szabályzat, kódex [C]

a code of conduct/practice

The club has a strict dress code.

control noun /kənˈtrəʊl/ 3 szabály, szabályozás (rendelkezés, törvény) [C]

He wants the government to impose strict controls on dog ownership.

council noun /ˈkaʊnt.səl/ [C + singular or plural verb] tanács, önkormányzat (városi, területi, stb.)

Edinburgh City Council

The local council has/have decided not to allocate funds for the project.

The town/city council is/are responsible for keeping the streets clean.

county noun /ˈkaʊn.ti/ [C] megye; közigazgatási terület (melynek saját önkormányzata van)

County Antrim

Westchester County

A county usually consists of several cities and towns and the rural areas surrounding them.

Rutland used to be the smallest county in England, but in 1974 it became part of Leicestershire.

Texas is divided into 254 counties.

inspection noun /ɪnˈspek.ʃən/ [C or U] 1 ellenőrző látogatás

Fire officers carried out an inspection of the building.

mayor noun /meər/ [C] polgármester

the mayor of Coventry

measure noun /ˈmeʒ.ər/ 1 intézkedés [C]

These measures were designed to improve car safety.

We must take preventative measures to stop the spread of the disease.

This arrangement is only a temporary measure.

security measures

officer noun /ˈɒf.ɪ.sər/ [C] 2 tisztviselő, köztisztviselő

a customs/prison officer

official noun /əˈfɪʃ.əl/ [C] tisztviselő; hivatalos személy

a UN official

a government/trade-union official

permit noun /ˈpɜː.mɪt/ [C] engedély (hivatalos dokumentum)

a work permit

You need a permit to park your car here.

procedure noun /prəʊˈsiː.dʒər/ [C or U] eljárás (hivatalos/szokásos folyamata vminek)

The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints.

You must follow correct procedure at all times.

regulation noun /ˌreg.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ 1 előírás, rendszabály [C]

building/safety/traffic regulations

There are various rules and regulations governing the procedure.

regulation noun /ˌreg.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ 2 szabályozás (pl. folyamaté, tevékenységé) [U]

government regulation of interest rates

resolution noun /ˌrez.əlˈuː.ʃən/ 1 (hivatalos) határozat [C]

Congress passed a resolution in support of the plan.

Our branch has submitted a resolution on housing to the conference.

restriction noun /rɪˈstrɪk.ʃən/ [C or U] 2 korlátozás (szabály/törvény)

speed/parking restrictions

There are restrictions on how many goods you can bring into the country.

The president urged other countries to lift the trade restrictions.

review noun /rɪˈvjuː/ 2 felülvizsgálat (ügyé, döntésé, stb.) [C or U]

a review of teachers' pay

Salary levels are under review at the moment.

right noun /raɪt/ 3 jog vmihez [C]

the right to free speech

the right to vote

rule noun /ruːl/ 1 szabály, előírás (hivatalos) [C]

to break the rules

to obey/follow the rules

You can't smoke at school, it's against the rules.

scheme noun /skiːm/ [C] (hivatalos) terv, tervezet

a training/housing/play scheme

a pension/savings scheme

There's a new scheme in our town for recycling plastic bottles.

Class sizes will increase under the new scheme.

eligible adjective /ˈel.ɪ.dʒə.bl̩/ jogosult vmire

Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.

You might be eligible for a grant for your studies.

municipal adjective /mjuːˈnɪs.ɪ.pəl/ városi, helyhatósági

municipal tennis courts

a municipal council/election

official adjective /əˈfɪʃ.əl/ 1 hivatalos (hatóság/hivatal által jóváhagyott)

the official language of Singapore

an official document

There is to be an official inquiry into the incident.

The queen will attend the official opening of the theatre in June.

restrictive adjective /rɪˈstrɪk.tɪv/ korlátozó (irányvonal, szabályozás, stb.)

restrictive practices

valid adjective /ˈvæl.ɪd/ 2 érvényes (hivatalosan elfogadott) (jegy, útlevél, jelszó, stb.)

The ticket is valid for three months.

My passport is valid for another two years.

You need to enter a valid password.

formally adverb /ˈfɔː.məl.i/ 1 hivatalosan, szabályszerűen

The deal will be formally announced on Tuesday.

officially adverb /əˈfɪʃ.əl.i/ hivatalosan (megnyit, bejelent, stb.)

The new hospital was officially opened yesterday.

The royal engagement was announced officially this morning.

technically adverb /ˈtek.nɪk.li/ 2 igazság szerint, technikailag (a szabályokat/tényeket precízen értelmezve)

Irvine is technically British but lives in Dublin and races for the Irish team.

Phrases and idioms:

be authorized to do sth fel van hatalmazva vmire

Only managers are authorized to sign expense forms.

bend/stretch the rules rugalmasan kezeli a szabályokat

We don't usually let students take books home, but I'll bend the rules on this occasion.

do sth by the book az előírásoknak megfelelően cselekszik

If you want to get permission for the building, you'll need to do everything by the book.

red tape bürokrácia, felesleges szabályok, aktatologatás

We need to cut through all this red tape.

8. lecke (A1) – 21. lecke (A2) – 47. lecke (B1) – 78. lecke (B2) – 97. lecke (C1) – 117. lecke (C2)