4. Katonaság, háború C1C2 (52) – altémák

1. Katonaság (18) 2. Fegyverek (8) 3. Háború, csata (26)

clash verb /klæʃ/ 1 összeütközik, összecsap (harcban/vitában) [I]

Government troops clashed with rebel soldiers.

Many young people clash with their parents over what time they must be home at night.

conquer verb /ˈkɒŋ.kər/ meghódít (országot); leigáz (népet); leküzd (nehézséget) [I or T]

The English were conquered by the Normans in 1066.

fall verb /fɔːl/ [I] *(fell, fallen) 3 vereséget szenved, elbukik; megbukik (pl. kormányzat)

In 1453 the city fell to the Turks.

occupy verb /ˈɒk.jʊ.paɪ/ [T] 3 megszáll (katonaság)

The troops eventually occupied most of the island.

raid verb /reɪd/ [T] 1 rajtaüt (katonaság)

Armed soldiers raided the village.

resist verb /rɪˈzɪst/ 2 ellenáll (támadásnak) [T]

British troops resisted the attack for two days.

retreat verb /rɪˈtriːt/ [I] visszavonul (pl. katonaság); hátrál, meghátrál

The army was forced to retreat.

surrender verb /sərˈen.dər/ megadja magát; beszolgáltat, átad

Rebel troops are refusing to surrender.

action noun /ˈæk.ʃən/ 3 akció, hadművelet, bevetés [U]

He was killed in action.

ally noun /ˈæ.laɪ/ [C] 2 szövetséges (ország) (pl. háborúban)

During World War One, Turkey and Germany were allies.

campaign noun /kæmˈpeɪn/ [C] 2 hadjárat

a bombing campaign

combat noun /ˈkɒm.bæt/ [C or U] küzdelem, ütközet (!)

The aircraft was shot down in combat.

liberation noun /ˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ [C or U] felszabadulás; felszabadítás

Leaving school was such a liberation for me.

the liberation of all political prisoners

line noun /laɪn/ [C] 9 vonal, arcvonal (kat.)

They were trapped behind enemy lines.

occupation noun /ˌɒk.jəˈpeɪ.ʃən/ (formal) 3 megszállás (pl. katonai) [U]

a military occupation

operation noun /ˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/ [C] 2 művelet, akció (mentési, katonai, stb.) [C]

a military operation

Following the earthquake, a large-scale rescue operation was launched.

The operation to fly in supplies will begin as soon as possible.

raid noun /reɪd/ [C] 1 rajtaütés, váratlan támadás (katonai)

an air raid

a dawn raid

resistance noun /rɪˈzɪs.tənts/ 3 ellenállás (szervezet) (a megszállókkal szemben) [no plural]

She was active in the resistance.

retreat noun /rɪˈtriːt/ [C] 1 visszavonulás (pl. katonaságé)

Enemy soldiers are now in (full) retreat.

slaughter noun /ˈslɔː.tər/ [U] mészárlás; vágás, levágás (állaté)

They were sickened by the slaughter they witnessed.

tactic noun /ˈtæk.tɪk/ [C] taktika

These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the terrorists.

strategic adjective /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk/ stratégiai (üzleti, politikai, háborús, stb.)

strategic planning

strategic weapons

The new offices are in a strategic location, with easy access to the motorway.

strategically adverb /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk.li/ stratégiailag (üzleti, politikai, háborús, stb.)

A few strategically placed police officers monitored the situation.

Phrasal verbs:

tear apart ↔ sth /teər/ 1 szétszakít, kettészakít (országot, családot, pártot, stb.)

The country was torn apart by 12 years of civil war.

Phrases and idioms:

get/gain the upper hand fölébe kerekedik vkinek

Government troops are gradually gaining the upper hand over the rebels.

keep/hold sth at bay védekezik vmi/vki ellen, távol tart (ellenséget, kedvezőtlen hatást)

Gunmen kept police at bay for almost four hours.

8. lecke (A1) – 21. lecke (A2) – 47. lecke (B1) – 78. lecke (B2) – 97. lecke (C1) – 117. lecke (C2)