4. Támogatás, akadályozás A1C2 (83) – altémák

1. Támogatás, segítség (58) 2. Akadályozás, korlátozás (25)

block verb /blɒk/ [T] 3 gátol, akadályoz (pl. folyamatot, fejlődést, haladást)

The council has blocked plans for a new supermarket.

constrain verb /kənˈstreɪn/ [T] korlátoz

regulations that constrain industry

I'm constrained by decisions made in the past.

disrupt verb /dɪsˈrʌpt/ [T] megzavarja/tönkreteszi a működését vminek

A heavy fall of snow had disrupted the city's transport system.

The meeting was disrupted by a group of protesters who shouted and threw fruit at the speaker.

disturb verb /dɪˈstɜːb/ [T] 1 zavar, megzavar vmiben

Please don't disturb Georgina - she's trying to do her homework.

I'm sorry to disturb you so late, but my car's broken down and I was wondering if I could use your phone.

hinder verb /ˈhɪn.dər/ [T] hátráltat, akadályoz

His performance at the Olympics was hindered by a knee injury.

interfere verb /ˌɪnt.əˈfɪər/ [I] 2 megzavar vmit (hátráltat vmit)

I try not to let my dancing classes interfere with my performance at school.

She never allows her personal feelings to interfere with her work.

keep verb /kiːp/ *(kept, kept) 3 visszatart, feltart, feltartóztat (késleltet, akadályoz vmiben) [T]

He's very late, what's keeping him?

She kept me talking on the phone for half an hour.

Don't let me keep you from your work.

prevent verb /prɪˈvent/ [T] akadályoz, megakadályoz (balesetet, bejutást vhova, stb.)

to prevent accidents/crime

Members of the public were prevented from entering the building.

restrain verb /rɪˈstreɪn/ [T] féken tart vkit/vmit; visszatart vmitől

He became violent and had to be physically restrained.

I had to restrain myself from shouting at him.

restrict verb /rɪˈstrɪkt/ [T] korlátoz vmit

They've brought in new laws to restrict the sale of cigarettes.

The government has restricted freedom of movement into and out of the country.

I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.

stop verb /stɒp/ (-pp-) 4 megakadályoz vkit vmiben [T]

Something must be done to stop the fighting.

If she really wants to leave, I don't understand what's stopping her.

barrier noun /ˈbær.i.ər/ [C] 2 korlát, gát, akadály (átv.) (kereskedelmi, nyelvi, stb.)

Despite the language barrier, they soon became good friends.

Shyness is one of the biggest barriers to making friends.

We have to work at breaking down barriers between the two communities.

constraint noun /kənˈstreɪnt/ [C] korlátozó tényező, megszorítás

budget/financial constraints

There are constraints on the medicines doctors can prescribe.

disruption noun /ˌdɪsˈrʌp.ʃən/ [C or U] zavar (a működésében vminek)

a disruption of services

limitation noun /ˌlɪm.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ korlátozás (szabályé, helyzeté) [C or U]

You can't write everything you want because of space limitations.

obstacle noun /ˈɒb.stə.kəl/ [C] akadály (átv. is) (úton/vminek az elérésében)

to overcome an obstacle

His refusal to talk is the main obstacle to peace.

prevention noun /prɪˈvent.ʃən/ [U] megelőzés (bűn-, betegség-, stb.)

crime prevention

The organization is committed to disease prevention and education.

restriction noun /rɪˈstrɪk.ʃən/ [C or U] 1 korlátozás (helyzet/esemény) (akadályoztatás)

For the first time, I could do exactly what I wanted, without any restrictions.

setback noun /ˈset.bæk/ [C] akadály, hátráltatás

The project has suffered a series of setbacks this year.

restricted adjective /rɪˈstrɪk.tɪd/ korlátozott (hely, választék, hozzáférés, stb.)

They do good food but the choice is fairly restricted.

Phrasal verbs:

hold sb/sth back /həʊld/ 2 hátráltat/gátol vkit/vmit (fejlődésben, előrehaladásban, stb.)

She felt that having children would hold her back.

hold up ↔ sb/sth /həʊld/ feltart, feltartóztat (lassít/késleltet)

We got held up by the traffic.

keep sb/sth from doing sth /kiːp/ gátol/meggátol/megakadályoz vkit/vmit vmiben

Try to keep the children from throwing food all over the floor.

set back ↔ sb/sth /set/ hátráltat; visszavet

These delays have set back the publication date by a month.

Another failed harvest would really set these farmers back.

Phrases and idioms:

rock the boat bonyodalmat okoz

They seemed very happy and I didn't want to rock the boat.

Kommunikációs szándékok: Segítség felajánlása

8. lecke (A1) – 20. lecke (A2) – 45. lecke (B1) – 73. lecke (B2) – 94. lecke (C1) – 114. lecke (C2)