3. Jog, bíróság A1C2 (88) – altémák

1. Törvény, bíróság (25) 2. Tárgyalás, eljárás (22) 3. Büntetés, ítélet (41)

convict verb /kənˈvɪkt/ [T] elítél, bűnösnek mond ki (bíróság)

He was convicted of murder.

execute verb /ˈek.sɪ.kjuːt/ [T] 1 kivégez (elítéltet) (!)

He was executed for murder.

fine verb /faɪn/ [T] bírságol, megbírságol

Drivers who break the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.

They fined him $100 for using threatening behaviour.

free verb /friː/ [T] szabadon enged vkit/vmit

The terrorists have at last agreed to free the hostages.

She was freed from prison last week.

guard verb /gɑːd/ [T] 2 őriz vkit (meg ne szökjön)

Five prison officers guarded the prisoners.

hang verb /hæŋ/ 2 felakaszt (embert) [T] (hanged or hung, hanged or hung) (!)

He was found guilty and hanged later that year.

The woman tried to hang herself with a sheet.

imprison verb /ɪmˈprɪz.ən/ [T] bebörtönöz

Taylor was imprisoned in 2005 for burglary.

punish verb /ˈpʌn.ɪʃ/ [T] büntet, megbüntet

Those responsible for these crimes must be brought to court and punished.

He punished the class by giving them extra work.

release verb /rɪˈliːs/ [T] 1 elenged, kienged, szabadon bocsát (pl. foglyot)

Six hostages were released shortly before midday.

He was released from prison last week.

sentence verb /ˈsen.tənts/ [T] ítél, elítél vkit (jog)

He was sentenced to life imprisonment.

serve verb /sɜːv/ 5 (börtönbüntetést) tölt [T]

Williams, 42, is serving a four-year jail sentence.

uphold verb /ʌpˈhəʊld/ [T] *(upheld, upheld) 1 jóváhagy, helybenhagy (bíróság döntést)

The court upheld the ruling.

cell noun /sel/ [C] 2 cella, zárka

He was kept in a prison cell for four months.

conviction noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/ [C or U] 1 elítélés (bíróság által)

He already had two convictions for burglary.

The conviction of all three protesters caused anger in the local community.

fine noun /faɪn/ [C] bírság, pénzbírság

She had to pay a fine.

a parking fine

The maximum penalty is a $1000 fine.

If found guilty, he faces a heavy fine.

guilt noun /gɪlt/ [U] 2 bűnösség

Both suspects admitted their guilt to the police.

imprisonment noun /ɪmˈprɪz.ən.mənt/ [U] börtönbüntetés

She was sentenced to five years' imprisonment.

innocence noun /ˈɪn.ə.sənts/ [U] 1 ártatlanság (bűnügyben)

She pleaded her innocence, but no one believed her.

She fought to prove her son's innocence.

jail noun /dʒeɪl/ [C or U] börtön

the country's overcrowded jails

a 13-year jail sentence/term

He was sent to jail for five years.

The financier was released from jail last week.

They spent ten years in jail for fraud.

penalty noun /ˈpen.əl.ti/ [C] 1 büntetés

The violation carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.

Currently, ticket holders pay a penalty equal to 25% of the ticket price when they change their flight plans.

prison noun /ˈprɪz.ən/ [C or U] börtön

He's spent a lot of time in prison.

She went to/was sent to prison for six months.

They should put him in prison and throw away the key!

a prison cell/sentence

prisoner noun /ˈprɪz.ən.ər/ [C] rab, fogoly

Prisoners climbed onto the prison roof to protest at the conditions inside.

punishment noun /ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/ [C or U] büntetés, megbüntetés

He had to stay in his bedroom as a punishment for fighting.

Many people think that the death penalty is too severe a punishment for any crime.

release noun /rɪˈliːs/ 2 szabadulás, kiszabadulás; szabadon engedés (pl. fogolyé) [U or no plural]

Her early release from prison led to a demonstration.

ruling noun /ˈruː.lɪŋ/ [C] hivatalos döntés

This ruling has delighted road safety campaigners.

sanction noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/ szankció, büntetőintézkedés [C]

economic/trade sanctions against a country

sentence noun /ˈsen.tənts/ [C] 2 ítélet

He got a heavy/light sentence.

The offence carries a jail/prison/life/5-year sentence.

verdict noun /ˈvɜː.dɪkt/ [C] (bírósági) ítélet, (hivatalos) döntés; vélemény

a guilty verdict

The jury took nine hours to reach a verdict.

criminal adjective /ˈkrɪm.ɪ.nəl/ [always before noun] bűnügyi; bűnös (cselekedet)

criminal activity

a criminal act/offence

a criminal investigation

I didn't know he had a criminal record.

free adjective /friː/ 4 szabad (szabadlábon van)

He will soon be a free man again.

guilty adjective /ˈgɪl.ti/ 2 bűnös, vétkes (megszegte a törvényt)

The jury found her guilty.

The jury has to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent of a crime.

innocent adjective /ˈɪn.ə.sənt/ 1 ártatlan, nem bűnös

He firmly believes that she is innocent of the crime.

lenient adjective /ˈliː.ni.ənt/ elnéző, enyhe (pl. büntetés)

He asked the judge to pass a lenient sentence.

innocently adverb /ˈɪn.ə.sənt.li/ ártatlanul

"Have I done something wrong?" she asked innocently.

He said he had obtained the television innocently, not knowing it had been stolen.

Phrasal verbs:

get away with sth /get/ megúszik vmivel vmit (büntetést, lehordást, stb.)

If I thought I could get away with it, I wouldn't pay any tax at all.

let off ↔ sb /let/ elenged (büntetés nélkül/kis büntetéssel), futni hagy vkit

Instead of a prison sentence they were let off with a fine.

You won't be let off so lightly the next time.

Phrases and idioms:

behind bars rács mögött (börtönben)

He will spend the rest of his life behind bars.

find sb guilty/not guilty bűnösnek/ártatlannak talál (bíróság)

She was found guilty of murder.

put sb to death kivégez

She was put to death for her beliefs.

set sb/sth free szabadon enged vkit/vmit

He opened the cage and set the birds free.

wrongly accused/convicted/imprisoned, etc. ártatlanul/igazságtalanul vádolt/elítélt/bebörtönzött/stb.

She was wrongly convicted of drug smuggling.

20. lecke (A2) – 46. lecke (B1) – 76. lecke (B2) – 96. lecke (C1) – 116. lecke (C2)